NEET TIPS AND TRICKS

๐ŸŒบ Plant Physiology Tricks : ๐ŸŒบ


๐Ÿ“ Glycolysis steps


"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies":


Goodness - Glucose

Gracious - Glucose-6-P

Father - Fructose-6-P

Franklin - Fructose-1,6-diP

Did - Dihydroxyacetone-P

Go - Glyceraldehyde-P

By - 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate

Picking - 3-Phosphoglycerate

Pumpkins - 2-Phosphoglycerate (to)

Prepare - Phosphoenolpyruvate Pies - PEP Pyruvate ยท


'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-.

ยท 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process.


๐ŸŒบ B vitamin names ๐ŸŒบ


๐Ÿ“ Trick :- "The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious":


๐Ÿ‘‰ In increasing order:


The - Thiamine (B1)

Rhythm - Riboflavin (B2)

Nearly - Niacin (B3)

Proved - Pyridoxine (B6)

Contagious - Cobalamin (B12)


๐ŸŒบ Citric acid cycle compounds ๐ŸŒบ


Trick :- "Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?":


Oh ! - Oxaloacetate

Can - Citrate

I - Isocitrate

Keep - Ketoglutarate

Some succinate - Succinyl coA Succinate

For myself - Fumarate Malate


๐ŸŒบ Citric acid cycle compounds ๐ŸŒบ


Trick :- "Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule":


Oh - Oxaloacetate

Citric - Citrate

Acid - Aconitate

Is - Isocitrate

Ofcourse - Oxalosuccinate

A - Alpha-ketoglutarate

SilLy sTupid - SuccinyL-CoA SuccinTe

Funny molecule - Fumarate Malate


๐Ÿ“*SilLy and sTupid used to differentiate succinyL and succinaTe*


๐ŸŒบCitric acid cycle compounds๐ŸŒบ


Trick :- "Can I Ask Sharon Stone For My Orgasm?":


Citrate Isocitrate

Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl CoA Succinate

Fumerate Maleate Oxaloacetate


๐ŸŒบPyruvate: products of complete oxidation๐ŸŒบ


Trick :- "4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy"


Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields:

4 NADH FADH2 3 CO2 1 GTP



Enzymes classification


Trick :- "Over The HILL":


Oxidoreductases

Transferases

Hydrolases

Isomerases

Ligases

Lyases

..........................................................

M๐ง๐ž๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ข๐œ๐ฌ and ๐ญ๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฌ for ๐Ÿ๐ฎ๐ง๐ ๐ข ๐ž๐ฑ๐š๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ.


๐ŸŒด๐๐š๐ฌ๐ข๐๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ-

๐Ÿ–‹๐“๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค:- Agar Usne Puccha To ๐๐š๐ฌ.


๐€๐ ๐š๐ซ- Agaricus (mushroom)


๐”๐ฌ๐ง๐ž- Ustilago (rust fungus)


๐๐ฎ๐œ๐ก๐ก๐š- Puccnia (smut fungus)


๐ŸŒดAscomyce๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ-

๐Ÿ–‹๐“๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค:- Yash and Astha ne Naya Pencil ๐Š๐ก๐š๐ซ๐ข๐๐š


๐ฒ๐š๐ฌ๐ก- Yeast


๐€๐ฌ๐ญ๐ก๐š- ๐€๐ฌ๐ฉ๐ž๐ซ๐ž๐ ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฌ


๐๐š๐ฒ๐š- ๐๐ž๐ฎ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐š


๐ฉ๐ž๐ง๐œ๐ข๐ฅ- Penecillium


Many ๐ฆ๐ž๐ฆ๐›๐ž๐ซ๐ฌ like ๐ฆ๐จ๐ซ๐ž๐ฅ๐ฌ and ๐›๐ฎ๐Ÿ๐Ÿ๐ฅ๐ž๐ฌ are e๐ž๐๐ข๐›๐ฅ๐ž and are considered ๐๐ž๐ฅ๐ข๐œ๐š๐œ๐ข๐ž๐ฌ.


๐ŸŒด๐๐ก๐ฒ๐œ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ญ๐ซ๐ฌ-

๐Ÿ–‹๐“๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฌ:-RaMu Alu Pheco

Ra- Rhyzopus (bread mould)


๐Œ๐ฎ- Mucor


๐€๐ฅ๐ฎ- Albugo (parasitic fungi on mustard)


๐๐ก๐ž๐œ๐จ- Pythium


๐ŸŒด๐ƒ๐ž๐ฎ๐ญ๐ž๐ซ๐จ๐ฆ๐ฒ๐œ๐ž๐ญ๐ž๐ฌ _

๐Ÿ–‹๐“๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ค๐ฌ:- ๐€๐‚๐“


๐€- alterneria


๐‚- Collectotrichum


๐“ - ๐“๐ซ๐ข๐œ๐ก๐จ๐๐ž๐ซ๐ฆ๐š

..........................................................



โšœ๏ธ Some important points - Human Reproduction โšœ๏ธ


โ€ข Uterus also called womb.

โ€ข Longest unstripped muscles of the body are found in the walls of uterus. (During pregnancy)

โ€ข Clitoris is a homologous to the penis in the male.

โ€ข Bartholin Glands : It is homologous to Cowper's gland of male

โ€ข A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all female mammals.

โ€ข The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains antibodies (IgA) absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new-born babies.


โ€ขLiberation of sperms from Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules is called spermiation.

โ€ข Liberation of sperms from testes is called semination.

โ€ข Liberation of sperms from body of male is called ejaculation .

โ€ขMammalian sperms are transfered to vagina of female by the process called insemination.


โ€ข In 1 ml of semen, 20 to 120 millions of sperms are present in human being.

โ€ข Leydig's cells mature at 10 yrs. of age.

โ€ข In humans (and most vertebrates), the first polar body does not undergo meiosis II.

โ€ข The first polar body is, therefore, formed merely to get rid of unwanted chromosomes.

โ€ข 65-74 days are required to complete the cycle of spermatogenesis in human being.

......................................................................

๐Ÿ’ฅImportant Points of NCERT Biology


๐ŸŒŸ All the unicellular eukaryotes are placed in Kingdom Protista.

๐ŸŒŸ Histone protein is absent in chromosome of dinoflagellates, due to this reason dinoflagellates are called mesokaryote.

๐ŸŒŸ Pigments present in dinoflagellates are Chl 'a' and Chl 'c'.

๐ŸŒŸ Stored food of dinoflagellates is starch.

๐ŸŒŸ Cell wall of diatoms is made up of cellulose + silica.

๐ŸŒŸ Pigments present in diatoms are Chl 'a' and Chl 'c'.

๐ŸŒŸ Stored food of diatom is leucosin and fats.

๐ŸŒŸ Mixotrophic nutrition is present in Euglenoids.

๐ŸŒŸ Stored food of Euglenoids is paramylum and fat.

๐ŸŒŸ Slime moulds are also called fungus animal.

๐ŸŒŸ At the time of reproduction slime moulds have cell wall.

๐ŸŒŸ Mode of nutrition is absorptive in fungi

๐ŸŒŸ Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.

๐ŸŒŸ In fungi the stored food remains in the form of glycogen and oil.

๐ŸŒŸ Mycelium of class phycomycetes is coenocytic aseptate.

๐ŸŒŸ Phytophthora infestans causes late blight disease in potato. This disease is known as "Famine of Ireland".


๐ŸŒŸ Mycelium of class - ascomycetes is uninucleate septate.

๐ŸŒŸ Class ascomycetes is known as "Sac fungi".

๐ŸŒŸ A. Flemming obtained the antibiotic penicillin from Penicillium notatum.

๐ŸŒŸ Fungus Neurospora is known as "Drosophila of Plant Kingdom".

๐ŸŒŸ Yeast is unicellular or non mycelial fungi.

๐ŸŒŸ Mycelium of class - basidiomycetes is septate and uni or binucleate.

๐ŸŒŸ Basidiomycetes is known as club fungi.

๐ŸŒŸ Special type of septa are found in mycelium of class basidiomycetes which are known as dolipore septum.

๐ŸŒŸ Clamp connection are formed during reproduction in basidiomycetes.

๐ŸŒŸ Puccinia is rust fungus, it causes rust disease in wheat.

๐ŸŒŸ Starting of rust disease (Primary infection) on wheat plants takes place through aeciospores.

๐ŸŒŸ Deuteromycetes is known as Fungi Imperfecti.

.....................................................................

Shapes in NCERT BIOLOGY

1. Pollen grains are generally : Spherical

2. Nucleous : Spherical

3. Centriole: Cylindrical

4. Mitochondrial: Sausage shaped or cylindrical

5. RBCs: Round and biconcave

6.Mesophyll cell: Round and oval

7.Trachied : Elongated

8. Columnar epithelium : Long and narrow

9. WBSs : Amoeboid

10. Nerve cell(longest cell) : long and branched

11. Henle's loop : Hairpin bend

12. Stomach : J-shaped

13. Spleen and kidney : Bean shaped

14. Thymus : Lobed organ

15. Patella : cup shaped

16. Bowman's capsule : Double walled cup like structure

17. Heart : Clenched fist (size)

18. Oxygen dissociation curve : Sigmoid

................................................................

๐’๐Ž๐Œ๐„ ๐ˆ๐Œ๐๐Ž๐‘๐“๐€๐๐“ ๐‚๐Ž๐๐๐„๐‚๐“๐ˆ๐๐† ๐‹๐ˆ๐๐Š๐’ ๐๐„๐“๐–๐„๐„๐ ๐†๐‘๐Ž๐”๐๐’


1. Bacteria & Fungi

๐ŸŒธ Actinomycetes


2. Reptiles & Birds

๐ŸŒธ Archaeopteryx


3. Chordates & Non-chordates

๐ŸŒธ Balanoglossus


4. Cartilaginous & Bony fishes

๐ŸŒธ Chimera (Rabbit fish/Ratfish)


5. Bryophytes & Pteridophytes

๐ŸŒธ Club moss


6. Coelenterates & Platyhelminthes

๐ŸŒธ Ctenophora


7. Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms

๐ŸŒธCycas


8. Reptiles & Mammals

๐ŸŒธ Echidna (Spiny ant eater)


9. Animals & Plants

๐ŸŒธ Euglena


10. Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

๐ŸŒธ Gnetum


11. Protista & Bryophytes

๐ŸŒธHornworts


12. Pisces & Amphibia

๐ŸŒธ Latimeria


13. Protista & Fungi

๐ŸŒธ Myxomycetes


14. Annelida & Mollusca

๐ŸŒธNeopilina


15. Reptiles & Mammals

๐ŸŒธ Ornithorhynchus (Duck billed platypus)


16. Annelida & Arthropoda

๐ŸŒธPeripatus (walking worm)


17. Protozoa & Porifera

๐ŸŒธ Proterospongia


18. Bony fishes & Amphibia

๐ŸŒธ Protopterus (Lung fishes)


19. Virus & Bacteria

๐ŸŒธ Rickettsia


20. Amphibia & Reptiles

๐ŸŒธSeymouria


21. Amphibia & Reptilia

๐ŸŒธ Sphenodon (Living fossil lizard)


22. Echinodermata & Chordata

๐ŸŒธ Tornaria larva


23. Annelida & Mollusca

๐ŸŒธ Trochophore larva


24. Living & non-living

๐ŸŒธVirus


25. Protozoa & Metazoa

๐ŸŒธXenoturbella

................................................................

Some important terms

1:Anti Histamine = Use in Allergy

2:Analgesic = Pain Killer

3:Anti Pyretic = Fever

4:Anti Septic = Pus

5:Anti Biotic = Infection

6:Anti Anaemia = Low blood

7: Anti Emetic = Vomting

8:Anti Acid = Stomach Burn

9:Anti Flantulents = Gases

10:Anti Spasmodic = Abdominal pain

11:Anti Anginal = Cardiac pain

12:Anti Arhthnic = Cardiac Activity

13:Ant Hypertensive = BP

14:Anti Lipemic = Chlosterol+Lipids

15:Anti Coagulant = Norrowing of Blood

16:Anti Depressant = Depression

17:HYPONOTIC = For Sleep

18:Anti Psychotic = For Psychosis

19:Anti Anxiety = For Anxiety

20:Anti Parkinson = For Parkinson's

21:Anti Stroke = For Stroke

22:Anti Viral = Against Virus

23:Anti T.B = Against T.B

24:Anti Fungal = Against Fungus

25:Anti Bacterials = Against Bacteria

26:Anti Malaria = Against Malaria

27:Anti Inflamatory = Against Swelling.

28: Bronchodilators = For Respiration

29:Haemostatics = Collecting of Blood

......................................................

Important questions

Father of Biology : Aristole

Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus

Father of Antibiotics fb: Alexander Fleming

Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner

Father of Microbiology : Anton van Leenuwenhoek

Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis Pasteur

Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Koch

Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow

Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch

Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley

Father of Embryology : Aristotle

Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von Baer

Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales

Father of Modern experimental physiology : Calude Bernard

Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel

Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson

Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics : Arachibald Garrod

Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Morgan

Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics : Dodge

Father of Ecology : Theophrastus

Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut

Father of Plant anatomy : Grew

Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) : Malpighi

Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke

Father of modern Cytology : Swanson

Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci

Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier

Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles

Father of Botany: Theophrastus

Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin

Father of Zoology : Aristotle

Father of Biochemistry : Liebig

Father of Epidemiology : John Snow

Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary

Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf Virchow

Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg

Father of Gene therapy : Anderson

Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz

Father of Endocrinology : Thomas Addison

Father of Eugenics : Galton

Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk

Father of Palynology : Erdtman

Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye

Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven

Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec Jeffery

Father of Mycology : Micheli

Father of Bryology : Hedwig

Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann

Father of Chemotherapy :Father of Anatomy : Herophilus

Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius

Father of actinobiology / radiation biology : HJVS Muller

Father of Homeopathy : Hahnemann

Father of Ayurveda : Charka

Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery : Susruta

Father of Blood circulation : William Harvey

Father of Medicine : Hippocrates

Father of Blood Group : Landsteiner

Father of Polio Vaccine : Jonas Salk

Father of Green Revolution: Norman Borlaug

........................................................

Some important questions based on Cell


โญ•๏ธThe word cell came from the latin word.

*โญ•๏ธAns: Cellula*


โญ•๏ธAll living organisms are made up of

*โญ•๏ธAns: Cell*


โญ•๏ธStudy of cell - *Cytology*


โญ•๏ธStudy of tissue - *Histology*


โญ•๏ธThe physical unit of life

*โญ•๏ธAns: Protoplasm*


โญ•๏ธWho invented the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Robert Hook in 1665*


โญ•๏ธCell theory was proposed by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: M.J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)*


โญ•๏ธScientist who observed cork cells under a microscope?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Robert Hook*


โญ•๏ธPlant cell was discovered by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Robert Hook*


โญ•๏ธThe term protoplasm was coined by 3.E. Purkinje Scientist who called protoplasm as the physical basis of life T.H. Huxley


Largest cell

*โญ•๏ธAns: Ostrich's egg*


โญ•๏ธSmallest cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Mycoplasma*


โญ•๏ธOrganisms known as pleuro pneumonia like organism (PPLO)?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Mycoplasma*


โญ•๏ธSmallest cell in the human body?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Sperm*


โญ•๏ธLargest cell in human body?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Ovum*


โญ•๏ธLongest cell in human body?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Neuron*


โญ•๏ธPower house of a cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Mitochondria*


โญ•๏ธBrain of the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Nucleus*


โญ•๏ธKitchen of the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Chloroplast*


โญ•๏ธEnergy Currency of the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: ATP*


โญ•๏ธSuicidal bag?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Lysosomes*


โญ•๏ธTraffic Police of the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Golgibodies*


โญ•๏ธSkeletal system of the cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Endoplasmic reticulum*


โญ•๏ธThe cell having most life span in human body?

*โญ•๏ธAns: RBC*


โญ•๏ธCytoplasm and Nucleus are included in?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Protoplasm*


โญ•๏ธThe cell organelle known as protein factory?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Ribosome*


โญ•๏ธThe organelle in the site of protein synthesis?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Ribosome*


โญ•๏ธRibosome has its own?

*โญ•๏ธAns: RNA*


โญ•๏ธTwo types of acids present in cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: DNA and RNA*


โญ•๏ธThe basic unit of chromosome?

*โญ•๏ธAns: DNA*


โญ•๏ธThe functional unit of DNA?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Genes*


โญ•๏ธFunction of DNA?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Transmission of hereditary traits*


โญ•๏ธFunction of RNA?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Protein synthesis*


โญ•๏ธEach chromosome has?

*โญ•๏ธAns: A pair of DNA*


โญ•๏ธDNA sugar is called?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Deoxyribose*


โญ•๏ธThe nitrogen bases in DNA?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine*


โญ•๏ธThe RNA sugar?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Ribose*


โญ•๏ธThe nitrogen bases in RNA?

*โญ•๏ธAns : Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine*


โญ•๏ธThe double helical model of DNA was discovered by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: James Watson and Francis Crick*


โญ•๏ธThe enzyme present in lysosome?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Hydrolytic enzyme*


โญ•๏ธLysosome was discovered by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Christion de Duve (1955)*


โญ•๏ธCompounds enter the cell through?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Endoplasmic reticulum*


โญ•๏ธThe cell organelle which is the sites of energy transfer in living cell?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Mitochondria*


โญ•๏ธThe functions of mitochondria?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Cellular respiration, ATP production*


โญ•๏ธThe stage of cellular respiration which does not need oxygen?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Glycolysis*


โญ•๏ธThe term Mitochondria was coined by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Carl Benda (1898)*


โญ•๏ธName the process in which the main product is energy?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Cellular respiration*


โญ•๏ธIn mitochondria the energy is formed in the form of?

*โญ•๏ธAns: ATP molecules*


โญ•๏ธWhich molecule is known as the energy currency?

*โญ•๏ธAns : ATP molecule*


โญ•๏ธATP?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Adenosine Triphosphate*


โญ•๏ธThe cell that lacks mitochondria and nucleus?

*โญ•๏ธAns: RBC*


โญ•๏ธNumber of ATP molecule that will get from one molecule of glucose?

*โญ•๏ธAns: 38ATP*


โญ•๏ธThe elements in the component of ATP?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Nitrogen and phosphorus*


โญ•๏ธKerb's cycle is related to?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Cellular respiration*


โญ•๏ธCell respiration was discovered by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Adolf Krebs*


โญ•๏ธThe whole process of a cell is controlled by?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Nucleus*


โญ•๏ธThe cell without nucleus?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Prokaryotic cell*


โญ•๏ธThe cell with nucleus?

*โญ•๏ธAns : Eukaryotic cell*


โญ•๏ธNucleus was discovered by?

*โญ•๏ธAns : Robert Brown*


โญ•๏ธName the process in which lysosome digest its own cell organelles?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Autoplagy*


โญ•๏ธA network like structure inside the nucleus is called?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Chromatin Reticulum*


โญ•๏ธThe structure of cell is first explained in the book of?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Micrographia*


โญ•๏ธThe living thing which do not obey cell theory?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Virus*


โญ•๏ธThe scientist first studied about all structure and cell reaction?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Theodor Schwaan*


โญ•๏ธSchwaan cell are seen in?

*โญ•๏ธAns: Nerve cell*

.................................................................