NEET TIPS AND TRICKS

🌺 Plant Physiology Tricks : 🌺

📍 Glycolysis steps

"Goodness Gracious, Father Franklin Did Go By Picking Pumpkins (to) Prepare Pies":

Goodness - Glucose

Gracious - Glucose-6-P

Father - Fructose-6-P

Franklin - Fructose-1,6-diP

Did - Dihydroxyacetone-P

Go - Glyceraldehyde-P

By - 1,3-Biphosphoglycerate

Picking - 3-Phosphoglycerate

Pumpkins - 2-Phosphoglycerate (to)

Prepare - Phosphoenolpyruvate Pies - PEP Pyruvate ·

'Did', 'By' and 'Pies' tell you the first part of those three: di-, bi-, and py-.

· 'PrEPare' tells location of PEP in the process.

🌺 B vitamin names 🌺

📍 Trick :- "The Rhythm Nearly Proved Contagious":

👉 In increasing order:

The - Thiamine (B1)

Rhythm - Riboflavin (B2)

Nearly - Niacin (B3)

Proved - Pyridoxine (B6)

Contagious - Cobalamin (B12)

🌺 Citric acid cycle compounds 🌺

Trick :- "Oh! Can I Keep Some Succinate For Myself?":

Oh ! - Oxaloacetate

Can - Citrate

I - Isocitrate

Keep - Ketoglutarate

Some succinate - Succinyl coA Succinate

For myself - Fumarate Malate

🌺 Citric acid cycle compounds 🌺

Trick :- "Oh Citric Acid Is Of (course) A SiLly STupid Funny Molecule":

Oh - Oxaloacetate

Citric - Citrate

Acid - Aconitate

Is - Isocitrate

Ofcourse - Oxalosuccinate

A - Alpha-ketoglutarate

SilLy sTupid - SuccinyL-CoA SuccinTe

Funny molecule - Fumarate Malate

📍*SilLy and sTupid used to differentiate succinyL and succinaTe*

🌺Citric acid cycle compounds🌺

Trick :- "Can I Ask Sharon Stone For My Orgasm?":

Citrate Isocitrate

Alpha-Ketoglutarate

Succinyl CoA Succinate

Fumerate Maleate Oxaloacetate

🌺Pyruvate: products of complete oxidation🌺

Trick :- "4 Naked Fun 3 Coeds + 1 Guy"

Complete oxidation of pyruvate yields:

4 NADH FADH2 3 CO2 1 GTP

Enzymes classification

Trick :- "Over The HILL":

Oxidoreductases

Transferases

Hydrolases

Isomerases

Ligases

Lyases

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M𝐧𝐞𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬 and 𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬 for 𝐟𝐮𝐧𝐠𝐢 𝐞𝐱𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐬.

🌴𝐁𝐚𝐬𝐢𝐝𝐨𝐦𝐲𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬-

🖋𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤:- Agar Usne Puccha To 𝐁𝐚𝐬.

𝐀𝐠𝐚𝐫- Agaricus (mushroom)

𝐔𝐬𝐧𝐞- Ustilago (rust fungus)

𝐏𝐮𝐜𝐡𝐡𝐚- Puccnia (smut fungus)

🌴Ascomyce𝐭𝐞𝐬-

🖋𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤:- Yash and Astha ne Naya Pencil 𝐊𝐡𝐚𝐫𝐢𝐝𝐚

𝐲𝐚𝐬𝐡- Yeast

𝐀𝐬𝐭𝐡𝐚- 𝐀𝐬𝐩𝐞𝐫𝐞𝐠𝐢𝐥𝐥𝐮𝐬

𝐍𝐚𝐲𝐚- 𝐍𝐞𝐮𝐫𝐨𝐬𝐩𝐨𝐫𝐚

𝐩𝐞𝐧𝐜𝐢𝐥- Penecillium

Many 𝐦𝐞𝐦𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐬 like 𝐦𝐨𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐬 and 𝐛𝐮𝐟𝐟𝐥𝐞𝐬 are e𝐞𝐝𝐢𝐛𝐥𝐞 and are considered 𝐝𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐜𝐚𝐜𝐢𝐞𝐬.

🌴𝐏𝐡𝐲𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐲𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐫𝐬-

🖋𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬:-RaMu Alu Pheco

Ra- Rhyzopus (bread mould)

𝐌𝐮- Mucor

𝐀𝐥𝐮- Albugo (parasitic fungi on mustard)

𝐏𝐡𝐞𝐜𝐨- Pythium

🌴𝐃𝐞𝐮𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐲𝐜𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐬 _

🖋𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐤𝐬:- 𝐀𝐂𝐓

𝐀- alterneria

𝐂- Collectotrichum

𝐓 - 𝐓𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐝𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐚

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⚜️ Some important points - Human Reproduction ⚜️

• Uterus also called womb.

• Longest unstripped muscles of the body are found in the walls of uterus. (During pregnancy)

• Clitoris is a homologous to the penis in the male.

• Bartholin Glands : It is homologous to Cowper's gland of male

• A functional mammary gland is characteristic of all female mammals.

• The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains antibodies (IgA) absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new-born babies.

•Liberation of sperms from Sertoli cells of seminiferous tubules is called spermiation.

• Liberation of sperms from testes is called semination.

• Liberation of sperms from body of male is called ejaculation .

•Mammalian sperms are transfered to vagina of female by the process called insemination.

• In 1 ml of semen, 20 to 120 millions of sperms are present in human being.

• Leydig's cells mature at 10 yrs. of age.

• In humans (and most vertebrates), the first polar body does not undergo meiosis II.

• The first polar body is, therefore, formed merely to get rid of unwanted chromosomes.

• 65-74 days are required to complete the cycle of spermatogenesis in human being.

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💥Important Points of NCERT Biology

🌟 All the unicellular eukaryotes are placed in Kingdom Protista.

🌟 Histone protein is absent in chromosome of dinoflagellates, due to this reason dinoflagellates are called mesokaryote.

🌟 Pigments present in dinoflagellates are Chl 'a' and Chl 'c'.

🌟 Stored food of dinoflagellates is starch.

🌟 Cell wall of diatoms is made up of cellulose + silica.

🌟 Pigments present in diatoms are Chl 'a' and Chl 'c'.

🌟 Stored food of diatom is leucosin and fats.

🌟 Mixotrophic nutrition is present in Euglenoids.

🌟 Stored food of Euglenoids is paramylum and fat.

🌟 Slime moulds are also called fungus animal.

🌟 At the time of reproduction slime moulds have cell wall.

🌟 Mode of nutrition is absorptive in fungi

🌟 Cell wall of fungi is made up of chitin.

🌟 In fungi the stored food remains in the form of glycogen and oil.

🌟 Mycelium of class phycomycetes is coenocytic aseptate.

🌟 Phytophthora infestans causes late blight disease in potato. This disease is known as "Famine of Ireland".

🌟 Mycelium of class - ascomycetes is uninucleate septate.

🌟 Class ascomycetes is known as "Sac fungi".

🌟 A. Flemming obtained the antibiotic penicillin from Penicillium notatum.

🌟 Fungus Neurospora is known as "Drosophila of Plant Kingdom".

🌟 Yeast is unicellular or non mycelial fungi.

🌟 Mycelium of class - basidiomycetes is septate and uni or binucleate.

🌟 Basidiomycetes is known as club fungi.

🌟 Special type of septa are found in mycelium of class basidiomycetes which are known as dolipore septum.

🌟 Clamp connection are formed during reproduction in basidiomycetes.

🌟 Puccinia is rust fungus, it causes rust disease in wheat.

🌟 Starting of rust disease (Primary infection) on wheat plants takes place through aeciospores.

🌟 Deuteromycetes is known as Fungi Imperfecti.

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Shapes in NCERT BIOLOGY

1. Pollen grains are generally : Spherical

2. Nucleous : Spherical

3. Centriole: Cylindrical

4. Mitochondrial: Sausage shaped or cylindrical

5. RBCs: Round and biconcave

6.Mesophyll cell: Round and oval

7.Trachied : Elongated

8. Columnar epithelium : Long and narrow

9. WBSs : Amoeboid

10. Nerve cell(longest cell) : long and branched

11. Henle's loop : Hairpin bend

12. Stomach : J-shaped

13. Spleen and kidney : Bean shaped

14. Thymus : Lobed organ

15. Patella : cup shaped

16. Bowman's capsule : Double walled cup like structure

17. Heart : Clenched fist (size)

18. Oxygen dissociation curve : Sigmoid

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𝐒𝐎𝐌𝐄 𝐈𝐌𝐏𝐎𝐑𝐓𝐀𝐍𝐓 𝐂𝐎𝐍𝐍𝐄𝐂𝐓𝐈𝐍𝐆 𝐋𝐈𝐍𝐊𝐒 𝐁𝐄𝐓𝐖𝐄𝐄𝐍 𝐆𝐑𝐎𝐔𝐏𝐒

1. Bacteria & Fungi

🌸 Actinomycetes

2. Reptiles & Birds

🌸 Archaeopteryx

3. Chordates & Non-chordates

🌸 Balanoglossus

4. Cartilaginous & Bony fishes

🌸 Chimera (Rabbit fish/Ratfish)

5. Bryophytes & Pteridophytes

🌸 Club moss

6. Coelenterates & Platyhelminthes

🌸 Ctenophora

7. Pteridophytes & Gymnosperms

🌸Cycas

8. Reptiles & Mammals

🌸 Echidna (Spiny ant eater)

9. Animals & Plants

🌸 Euglena

10. Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

🌸 Gnetum

11. Protista & Bryophytes

🌸Hornworts

12. Pisces & Amphibia

🌸 Latimeria

13. Protista & Fungi

🌸 Myxomycetes

14. Annelida & Mollusca

🌸Neopilina

15. Reptiles & Mammals

🌸 Ornithorhynchus (Duck billed platypus)

16. Annelida & Arthropoda

🌸Peripatus (walking worm)

17. Protozoa & Porifera

🌸 Proterospongia

18. Bony fishes & Amphibia

🌸 Protopterus (Lung fishes)

19. Virus & Bacteria

🌸 Rickettsia

20. Amphibia & Reptiles

🌸Seymouria

21. Amphibia & Reptilia

🌸 Sphenodon (Living fossil lizard)

22. Echinodermata & Chordata

🌸 Tornaria larva

23. Annelida & Mollusca

🌸 Trochophore larva

24. Living & non-living

🌸Virus

25. Protozoa & Metazoa

🌸Xenoturbella

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Some important terms

1:Anti Histamine = Use in Allergy

2:Analgesic = Pain Killer

3:Anti Pyretic = Fever

4:Anti Septic = Pus

5:Anti Biotic = Infection

6:Anti Anaemia = Low blood

7: Anti Emetic = Vomting

8:Anti Acid = Stomach Burn

9:Anti Flantulents = Gases

10:Anti Spasmodic = Abdominal pain

11:Anti Anginal = Cardiac pain

12:Anti Arhthnic = Cardiac Activity

13:Ant Hypertensive = BP

14:Anti Lipemic = Chlosterol+Lipids

15:Anti Coagulant = Norrowing of Blood

16:Anti Depressant = Depression

17:HYPONOTIC = For Sleep

18:Anti Psychotic = For Psychosis

19:Anti Anxiety = For Anxiety

20:Anti Parkinson = For Parkinson's

21:Anti Stroke = For Stroke

22:Anti Viral = Against Virus

23:Anti T.B = Against T.B

24:Anti Fungal = Against Fungus

25:Anti Bacterials = Against Bacteria

26:Anti Malaria = Against Malaria

27:Anti Inflamatory = Against Swelling.

28: Bronchodilators = For Respiration

29:Haemostatics = Collecting of Blood

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Important questions

Father of Biology : Aristole

Father of Modern Biology: Linnaeus

Father of Antibiotics fb: Alexander Fleming

Father of Taxonomy : Carolus Linnaeus

Father of Immunology : Edward Jenner

Father of Microbiology : Anton van Leenuwenhoek

Father of Modern Microbiology : Louis Pasteur

Father of Medical Microbiology : Robert Koch

Father of Pathology : Rudolph Virchow

Father of Bacteriology : Robert Koch

Father of Virology : W.M.Stanley

Father of Embryology : Aristotle

Father of Modern Embryology : Ernst Von Baer

Father of Physiology : Stephan Hales

Father of Modern experimental physiology : Calude Bernard

Father of Genetics : Rev. Gregor Mendel

Father of Modern Genetics : Bateson

Father of Human Genetics/ Biochemical genetics : Arachibald Garrod

Father of Experimental Genetics : T.H. Morgan

Father of Haploid Genetics / Neurospora Genetics : Dodge

Father of Ecology : Theophrastus

Father of Cloning : Ian Willmut

Father of Plant anatomy : Grew

Father of Histology (Microscopic anatomy) : Malpighi

Father of Cytology : Robert Hooke

Father of modern Cytology : Swanson

Father of Paleontology : Leonard da Vinci

Father of modern Paleontology : Cuvier

Father of Concept of Evolution: Empedocles

Father of Botany: Theophrastus

Father of Modern Botany : Bauhin

Father of Zoology : Aristotle

Father of Biochemistry : Liebig

Father of Epidemiology : John Snow

Father of Plant Pathology : de Bary

Father of Modern Pathology : Rudolf Virchow

Father of Genetic Engineering : Paul Berg

Father of Gene therapy : Anderson

Father of Ethology : Konard Lorentz

Father of Endocrinology : Thomas Addison

Father of Eugenics : Galton

Father of Gerantology : Korenchevsk

Father of Palynology : Erdtman

Father of Stress physiology : Hans Selye

Father of Electrocardiography : Einthoven

Father of DNA Fingerprinting : Alec Jeffery

Father of Mycology : Micheli

Father of Bryology : Hedwig

Father of Phycology:Father of ATP cycle: Lipmann

Father of Chemotherapy :Father of Anatomy : Herophilus

Father of Modern Anatomy : Andreas Vesalius

Father of actinobiology / radiation biology : HJVS Muller

Father of Homeopathy : Hahnemann

Father of Ayurveda : Charka

Father of Surgery and Plastic Surgery : Susruta

Father of Blood circulation : William Harvey

Father of Medicine : Hippocrates

Father of Blood Group : Landsteiner

Father of Polio Vaccine : Jonas Salk

Father of Green Revolution: Norman Borlaug

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Some important questions based on Cell

⭕️The word cell came from the latin word.

*⭕️Ans: Cellula*

⭕️All living organisms are made up of

*⭕️Ans: Cell*

⭕️Study of cell - *Cytology*

⭕️Study of tissue - *Histology*

⭕️The physical unit of life

*⭕️Ans: Protoplasm*

⭕️Who invented the cell?

*⭕️Ans: Robert Hook in 1665*

⭕️Cell theory was proposed by?

*⭕️Ans: M.J. Schleiden and Theodor Schwann (1839)*

⭕️Scientist who observed cork cells under a microscope?

*⭕️Ans: Robert Hook*

⭕️Plant cell was discovered by?

*⭕️Ans: Robert Hook*

⭕️The term protoplasm was coined by 3.E. Purkinje Scientist who called protoplasm as the physical basis of life T.H. Huxley

Largest cell

*⭕️Ans: Ostrich's egg*

⭕️Smallest cell?

*⭕️Ans: Mycoplasma*

⭕️Organisms known as pleuro pneumonia like organism (PPLO)?

*⭕️Ans: Mycoplasma*

⭕️Smallest cell in the human body?

*⭕️Ans: Sperm*

⭕️Largest cell in human body?

*⭕️Ans: Ovum*

⭕️Longest cell in human body?

*⭕️Ans: Neuron*

⭕️Power house of a cell?

*⭕️Ans: Mitochondria*

⭕️Brain of the cell?

*⭕️Ans: Nucleus*

⭕️Kitchen of the cell?

*⭕️Ans: Chloroplast*

⭕️Energy Currency of the cell?

*⭕️Ans: ATP*

⭕️Suicidal bag?

*⭕️Ans: Lysosomes*

⭕️Traffic Police of the cell?

*⭕️Ans: Golgibodies*

⭕️Skeletal system of the cell?

*⭕️Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum*

⭕️The cell having most life span in human body?

*⭕️Ans: RBC*

⭕️Cytoplasm and Nucleus are included in?

*⭕️Ans: Protoplasm*

⭕️The cell organelle known as protein factory?

*⭕️Ans: Ribosome*

⭕️The organelle in the site of protein synthesis?

*⭕️Ans: Ribosome*

⭕️Ribosome has its own?

*⭕️Ans: RNA*

⭕️Two types of acids present in cell?

*⭕️Ans: DNA and RNA*

⭕️The basic unit of chromosome?

*⭕️Ans: DNA*

⭕️The functional unit of DNA?

*⭕️Ans: Genes*

⭕️Function of DNA?

*⭕️Ans: Transmission of hereditary traits*

⭕️Function of RNA?

*⭕️Ans: Protein synthesis*

⭕️Each chromosome has?

*⭕️Ans: A pair of DNA*

⭕️DNA sugar is called?

*⭕️Ans: Deoxyribose*

⭕️The nitrogen bases in DNA?

*⭕️Ans: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine*

⭕️The RNA sugar?

*⭕️Ans: Ribose*

⭕️The nitrogen bases in RNA?

*⭕️Ans : Adenine, Uracil, Cytosine and Guanine*

⭕️The double helical model of DNA was discovered by?

*⭕️Ans: James Watson and Francis Crick*

⭕️The enzyme present in lysosome?

*⭕️Ans: Hydrolytic enzyme*

⭕️Lysosome was discovered by?

*⭕️Ans: Christion de Duve (1955)*

⭕️Compounds enter the cell through?

*⭕️Ans: Endoplasmic reticulum*

⭕️The cell organelle which is the sites of energy transfer in living cell?

*⭕️Ans: Mitochondria*

⭕️The functions of mitochondria?

*⭕️Ans: Cellular respiration, ATP production*

⭕️The stage of cellular respiration which does not need oxygen?

*⭕️Ans: Glycolysis*

⭕️The term Mitochondria was coined by?

*⭕️Ans: Carl Benda (1898)*

⭕️Name the process in which the main product is energy?

*⭕️Ans: Cellular respiration*

⭕️In mitochondria the energy is formed in the form of?

*⭕️Ans: ATP molecules*

⭕️Which molecule is known as the energy currency?

*⭕️Ans : ATP molecule*

⭕️ATP?

*⭕️Ans: Adenosine Triphosphate*

⭕️The cell that lacks mitochondria and nucleus?

*⭕️Ans: RBC*

⭕️Number of ATP molecule that will get from one molecule of glucose?

*⭕️Ans: 38ATP*

⭕️The elements in the component of ATP?

*⭕️Ans: Nitrogen and phosphorus*

⭕️Kerb's cycle is related to?

*⭕️Ans: Cellular respiration*

⭕️Cell respiration was discovered by?

*⭕️Ans: Adolf Krebs*

⭕️The whole process of a cell is controlled by?

*⭕️Ans: Nucleus*

⭕️The cell without nucleus?

*⭕️Ans: Prokaryotic cell*

⭕️The cell with nucleus?

*⭕️Ans : Eukaryotic cell*

⭕️Nucleus was discovered by?

*⭕️Ans : Robert Brown*

⭕️Name the process in which lysosome digest its own cell organelles?

*⭕️Ans: Autoplagy*

⭕️A network like structure inside the nucleus is called?

*⭕️Ans: Chromatin Reticulum*

⭕️The structure of cell is first explained in the book of?

*⭕️Ans: Micrographia*

⭕️The living thing which do not obey cell theory?

*⭕️Ans: Virus*

⭕️The scientist first studied about all structure and cell reaction?

*⭕️Ans: Theodor Schwaan*

⭕️Schwaan cell are seen in?

*⭕️Ans: Nerve cell*

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*Vitamins_Deficiency*

Q&As based on Human Physiology

1: Number of Muscles 639

2: Number of Kidneys 2

3: Number of Milk Teeth 20

4: Number of Ribs 24 (12 pair)

5: Number of Heart Chamber 4

6: Largest artery Aorta

7: Normal blood pressure

120/80mmHg

8: Ph of Blood 7.4

9: Number of vertebrae in the Spine 33

10: Number of vertebrae in the Neck 7

11: Number of Bones in Middle Ear 6

12: Number of Bones in Face 14

13: Number of Bones in Skull 22

14: Number of Bones in Chest 25

15: Number of Bones in Arms 6

16: Number of Muscles in Human Arm 72

17: Number of Pumps in Heart 2

18: Largest Organ - Skin

19: Largest gland - Liver

20: Biggest cell female - Ovum

21: Smallest cell male Sperm

22: Smallest Bone Stape

23: First transplanted Organ Heart

24: Average length of Small Intestine 7m

25: Average length of Large Intestine 1.5m

26: Average weight of new Born baby 2.6kg

27: Pulse rate in One Minute 72 times

28: Normal body temperature 37 C° (98.4 F°)

29: Average Blood Volume 4 to 5 liters

30: Life Span of RBC 120 days

31: Life Span of WBC 13to 20 days

32: Pregnancy Period 280 days (40 week)

33: Number of Bones in Human Foot 33

34: Number of Bones in Each wrist 8

35: Number of Bones in Hand 27

36: Largest Endocrine gland Thyroid

37: Largest Lymphatic Organ Spleen

38: Largest part of Brain Cerebrum

39: Largest & Strongest Bone Femur

40: Smallest Muscle Stapedius (Middle Ear)

41: Number of Chromosome 46 (23 pair)

42: Number of Bones in new Born baby 306

43: Viscosity of Blood 4.5 to 5.5

44: Universal Donor Blood Group O

45: Universal Recipient Blood Group AB

46: Largest WBC Monocyte

47: Smallest WBC Lymphocyte lb

48: Increase RBC count called Polycethemia

49: Blood Bank in the Body is Spleen

50: Non Nucleated Blood cell is RBC

51: RBC produced in the Bone Marrow

52: River of Life is Called Blood

53: Normal Blood Cholesterol level 250mg/dl

54: Fluid part of Blood is Plasma

55: Normal Blood Sugar 100mg

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Questions and Answers based on Science(Chemistry)

✔️Gases used in welding are ?

– Acetylene & Oxygen

✔️ Gases used by sea divers for breathing are ?

– Oxygen & Helium

✔️ Best sources for Vitamin D are?

– Sunlight & Fish liver

✔️Zinc Phosphide is used as?

– Rat Poison

✔️ Fuse wire is made up of

– Lead and Tin

✔️Purest form of Iron is?

– Wrought Iron

✔️ Radium is extracted from

– Pitchblende

✔️ Which agent is as ‘seed’ in artificial rain?

– Silver Iodide

✔️Oxides of metals are .

– Alkaline

✔️ During the process of ‘rusting’ , the weight of iron .

–Increases

✔️ (metal) is liquid at room temperature.

– Mercury

✔️ What is the formula of common salt

– NaCl

✔️ What is the maximum number of electrons that a p-orbital can hold

– 6

✔️ What is used in fire extinguisher

– Sodium bicarbonate

✔️ What is the nature of metal oxides

– Basic

✔️ Which gas burns with popping sound

– Hydrogen

✔️ Which metal is used for galvanization

– Zinc

✔️ What is the nature of bleaching powder

– Oxidising agent

✔️ Which is stored in Kerosene

– Sodium

✔️ Phenolphthalein gives which color in acidic medium

– Colorless

✔️ Which gas is used in cigarette lighters?

– Butane

✔️ Biogas chiefly contains .

– Methane

✔️ Chemical used as fixer in Photography is .

– Sodium thiosulphate

✔️Aspirin is

– Acetyl Salicylic Acid

✔️ is also known as ‘Stranger Gas.’

– Xenon

✔️ Natural rubber is a polymer derived from .

– Isoprene